Classical Era:
Seminal Ideas
BIG 5(+1)
1. Confucius: born in China
Classical Era (~500 B.C. teach)
-collections of sayings > Analects
-did he write this book? NO
-his followers wrote these
-emphasis (on what he wrote): social harmony all owe piety to each other
EX: father and son all have their own roles
-notion of heaven idea that people have authority to hold (mandate of heaven)
-false: not a system of religion
-people still apply it today
-social stability (Confucius trying to make harmonious)
2. Siddhartha Gautama (Buddha)
-he was born poor? NO, he was a prince but ha wanted to be different and wanted to go to a different path.
-~500B.C. teach
-he was born in India
-religion (Hindu roots
-still not practiced in India where widely practiced? China/Asia
-main goal of Buddhism: reach enlightenment
-anyone can achieve enlightenment
-How different than Hindu? has caste systems/ not all people same
-in Buddhism: you could be reincarnated -> anyone can be enlightenment within life time
-social change
3. Hindu
-caste system (social hierarchy)
-social levels
untouchables
peasants
merchants
artisans
warriors
priests
within this system way people are reincarnated is that people are / can only move one caste/level per life
-social stability (is it still practiced? yes)
-no individual
-it is a religion
-goal -> enlightenment one step @ a time
-Upanishads, rhamina, bubugata gita
4. Socrates
-born in Greece
-did not write a book
-not religion, but a system of philosophy (system of rational inquiry) asking question
-no own work, his students (Plato)
-still practiced today
-Socratic thought (social change/ new thoughts, values & encourages/ questioning/ everyone has knowledge-Socratic thinking -system of thought considered a threat to society)
-Socrates (100yr old period during which Classical Greece had golden, flourishing thoughts-which became humanist)
-rational thought...is there ultimate reality? to things we see on Earth EX: chair-form that we consider to be a chair
-Plato had this idea-philosopher (political leader should serve as a term)
-democracy inherently flawed
5. Jesus
-Romans (Roman republic/ empire)
-republic: anti-monarchical (tired of ruled by kings)/ continued and took ideas came from Greece
-democratic/political union/ growth too much
-300B.C. -450A.D
-empire: emperor (one @ top)
-developed a system of religion
-he didn't write
-social change
-why ideas scary? potentially a political threat/ Christ distracted people
Monday, October 31, 2011
Sunday, October 30, 2011
CHAPTER 11: The Worlds of Islam
Reflection:
Several religions and cultural traditions have emerged throughout the world. Some were/are Confucianism and Daoism from China, Hinduism and Buddhism from India and many more.
Tradition and religion evolved and developed throughout years. In Arabia there were many transformations in the society. These transformations affected other countries. In Arab the leader was Muhammad. He was a great leader who brought a lot of change and also brought effect in the society.
For people who wanted to become a Muslim had to go through a profound spiritual or psychological transformation. Islam was/is the beginning of a powerful state unlike Buddhism or Christianity. The Muslim community enlarged the Islamic umma. However, there were several consequences without the presence of Muhammad. Among the Muslims there were first four caliphs as the Rightly Guided Caliphs selected by Muslim elders of Medina.
Within in the Muslim community the men had the authority over women. This was because Allah had made one superior over the other.
The spread of Islam was because of the creation of an Arab Empire. This brought a lot of impact and change. During this time there were many wars and invasion that brought power within each country. Tradition, religion, power within government/society, and many more changed/developed which brought networks within each country, so that people from other countries could communicate and exchange ideas and many more.
Several religions and cultural traditions have emerged throughout the world. Some were/are Confucianism and Daoism from China, Hinduism and Buddhism from India and many more.
Tradition and religion evolved and developed throughout years. In Arabia there were many transformations in the society. These transformations affected other countries. In Arab the leader was Muhammad. He was a great leader who brought a lot of change and also brought effect in the society.
For people who wanted to become a Muslim had to go through a profound spiritual or psychological transformation. Islam was/is the beginning of a powerful state unlike Buddhism or Christianity. The Muslim community enlarged the Islamic umma. However, there were several consequences without the presence of Muhammad. Among the Muslims there were first four caliphs as the Rightly Guided Caliphs selected by Muslim elders of Medina.
Within in the Muslim community the men had the authority over women. This was because Allah had made one superior over the other.
The spread of Islam was because of the creation of an Arab Empire. This brought a lot of impact and change. During this time there were many wars and invasion that brought power within each country. Tradition, religion, power within government/society, and many more changed/developed which brought networks within each country, so that people from other countries could communicate and exchange ideas and many more.
Tuesday, October 25, 2011
Chapter 5 Eurasian cultural traditions
The Chinese culture gave rise to Confucianism and Daoism. Confucious did not deny reality of gods and spirits. Historians had found/traced back and saw that the Chinese had a tradition of state building. In china there were legalistic philosophers. Legalistic had a pessimistic view of human nature. Chinese culture had many artisans, merchants, scholars and other classes. To the Chinese their family life was the center of Chinese popular culture. The indian culture had a different civilization than the Chinese. Indian culture embraced the divine. The Indian religion differed from other world religions. Hinduism was indians religion. This religion was never a single tradition and the meaning was derived from outsiders. In south Asian there were varieties of religion from ritual sacrafice to philosophical speculation. Some were known as Vedas which were collections of poems and hymns. This shows us that religion and tradition was very important to the Asian civilizations. In Asian culture many worshipped buddhists. Then came to the point where civilizations started to compare buddhisms and christianity. This led to a diversity within the world.
Monday, October 24, 2011
CHAPTER 6 : Eurasian Social Hierarchies
Reflection:
Buddhist had different teachings compared to others. Their teachings was the concept of "impermanence" notion that "everything changes; nothing remains without change". This means that in life there needs to be change. There are some people that do not believe or agree with this statement and what Buddhists follow.
The Chinese civilization was very unique during the ancient world. Within the Chinese civilization there were many peasants. Some had many lands or owned a market that will support their families. The Chinese civilization had state taxes for the citizens to pay. The citizens had a lot of labor to do. In the China there were many merchants as well. Citizens did many trade with other merchants which created business connections. Not only China, but India also had the similar system.
India had a caste system which means "race or purity of blood. In the Indian civilization there were jatis that blended with the varna system giving it a more caste based society. The jatis were the main part of Indian society. This system was different from that of China.
China, India, and Rome had many slaves within their culture. Slavery emerged throughout the world. Which created a hierarchy/ class level.
Buddhist had different teachings compared to others. Their teachings was the concept of "impermanence" notion that "everything changes; nothing remains without change". This means that in life there needs to be change. There are some people that do not believe or agree with this statement and what Buddhists follow.
The Chinese civilization was very unique during the ancient world. Within the Chinese civilization there were many peasants. Some had many lands or owned a market that will support their families. The Chinese civilization had state taxes for the citizens to pay. The citizens had a lot of labor to do. In the China there were many merchants as well. Citizens did many trade with other merchants which created business connections. Not only China, but India also had the similar system.
India had a caste system which means "race or purity of blood. In the Indian civilization there were jatis that blended with the varna system giving it a more caste based society. The jatis were the main part of Indian society. This system was different from that of China.
China, India, and Rome had many slaves within their culture. Slavery emerged throughout the world. Which created a hierarchy/ class level.
Thursday, October 13, 2011
THE SUPERIOR MAN
Some things that we can learn from:
The master said, "the object of the superior man is truth, not food...The superior man is anxious lest he should not get truth; he is not anxious lest poverty should come upon him."
This is telling us that if one is "anxious" then one can not get "truth".
"anxious" here means one should not rush or just doing things without thinking ahead and taking time.
"truth" means here is not truth or lie, but if one rush things without thinking they might stumble and fall. This will lead one to a pitfall and one can not receive what they want or need.
The master is trying to point out to the reader to think ahead and take time, then one will not fall or stumble and can receive what they want. If one follows this it can show great leadership in a person.
The master said, "The mind of the superior man is conservant with virtue; the mind of the base man is conversant with gain."
The master is telling us that one who is wise has wisdom and knowledge, but one who is not as wise just wants more and more (greed) which leads to a downfall.
If one is a man with wisdom and knowledge can be a great leader, but one who does not show virtue can not be a good leader because one can think of just themselves or lead people to the wrong path.
The master said, "What the superior man seeks, is in himself. What the mean man seeks, is in others."
The master is trying to point out that a superior man (wise) looks back at himself and thinks of the good and bad things he has done and repents of it. On the other hand, the mean man does not look at himself, he looks at others and judges.
A superior man shows great leadership because all the flaws and wrongs he has done, he learns from them and tries to fix his mistakes. This person can lead the people to the right path.
The master said, "the object of the superior man is truth, not food...The superior man is anxious lest he should not get truth; he is not anxious lest poverty should come upon him."
This is telling us that if one is "anxious" then one can not get "truth".
"anxious" here means one should not rush or just doing things without thinking ahead and taking time.
"truth" means here is not truth or lie, but if one rush things without thinking they might stumble and fall. This will lead one to a pitfall and one can not receive what they want or need.
The master is trying to point out to the reader to think ahead and take time, then one will not fall or stumble and can receive what they want. If one follows this it can show great leadership in a person.
The master said, "The mind of the superior man is conservant with virtue; the mind of the base man is conversant with gain."
The master is telling us that one who is wise has wisdom and knowledge, but one who is not as wise just wants more and more (greed) which leads to a downfall.
If one is a man with wisdom and knowledge can be a great leader, but one who does not show virtue can not be a good leader because one can think of just themselves or lead people to the wrong path.
The master said, "What the superior man seeks, is in himself. What the mean man seeks, is in others."
The master is trying to point out that a superior man (wise) looks back at himself and thinks of the good and bad things he has done and repents of it. On the other hand, the mean man does not look at himself, he looks at others and judges.
A superior man shows great leadership because all the flaws and wrongs he has done, he learns from them and tries to fix his mistakes. This person can lead the people to the right path.
Tuesday, October 4, 2011
WW INTRODUCTION TO PART 2, CHAPTER 4
introduction to part 2
REFLECTION:
Civilization grew throughout the years from agriculture to the industrial revolution.
During these years society expanded and then collapsed. This cycle went on and on throughout history. Compared to the other eras, Paleolithic era, population/ society did not grow rapidly as it used to. In this introduction it shows how human journey was very important during the time. As society started to increase more varieties of cultures came into life and from then on political diversity showed diversity. This introduction is important because it shows to the people that this is how people started to do trading and sharing new ideas and technology to other countries.
CHAPTER 4
REFLECTION:
Chapter 4 talks about Eurasia sees second wave civilization in the Mediterranean world. The chapter goes onto talking about empires and which countries had the largest and how it gave impact. This leads onto how a social hierarchy formed and from there how each of the countries developed. The chapter explains how settlers back then brought new ideas, technology, language, culture and many more to the Greeks. As countries became developed, a citizenship started to form. This is where free people are running the affairs of the state. However, during that time only the high upper classes in Greece had the right of citizenship. The chapter then slowly goes into the collision between the Greeks and the Persians. In this chapter it talks about how people back then did much more expeditions than now. People wanted to learn and know more, so that there countries/cities would be developed and powerful. This shows how humans, in the present, have enough knowledge to learn, thanks to the people back in time. Every country was busy in increasing and expanding there land and society, so that there country would not be lower than other countries out there. This led to the rise of empires and more power. Since every country wanted power, this led to controversies , wars, and slavery. Every country battled and fought with each other, so that they could have more. This caused other weak, small countries to collapse because of the greed other big, strong countries had.
REFLECTION:
Civilization grew throughout the years from agriculture to the industrial revolution.
During these years society expanded and then collapsed. This cycle went on and on throughout history. Compared to the other eras, Paleolithic era, population/ society did not grow rapidly as it used to. In this introduction it shows how human journey was very important during the time. As society started to increase more varieties of cultures came into life and from then on political diversity showed diversity. This introduction is important because it shows to the people that this is how people started to do trading and sharing new ideas and technology to other countries.
CHAPTER 4
REFLECTION:
Chapter 4 talks about Eurasia sees second wave civilization in the Mediterranean world. The chapter goes onto talking about empires and which countries had the largest and how it gave impact. This leads onto how a social hierarchy formed and from there how each of the countries developed. The chapter explains how settlers back then brought new ideas, technology, language, culture and many more to the Greeks. As countries became developed, a citizenship started to form. This is where free people are running the affairs of the state. However, during that time only the high upper classes in Greece had the right of citizenship. The chapter then slowly goes into the collision between the Greeks and the Persians. In this chapter it talks about how people back then did much more expeditions than now. People wanted to learn and know more, so that there countries/cities would be developed and powerful. This shows how humans, in the present, have enough knowledge to learn, thanks to the people back in time. Every country was busy in increasing and expanding there land and society, so that there country would not be lower than other countries out there. This led to the rise of empires and more power. Since every country wanted power, this led to controversies , wars, and slavery. Every country battled and fought with each other, so that they could have more. This caused other weak, small countries to collapse because of the greed other big, strong countries had.
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