Reflection:
During the 15th century there were different types of societies. Meaning that there were hunter-gatherers, newly emerged chiefdoms, small states, nomadic/pastoral communities and more. People interacted with one another to gain knowledge and other benefits. Near the northwest coast of North America there were hunter-gatherers that had flourished. Some people during the 15th century tried to avoid larger empires. The nomads brought many destruction against Russia, Persia and India during this period. As times have passed the population within each country has risen and brought change to the economy. High increase in population brought power within city-states societies. In China the population increased as well and became one of the powerful countries. However, during the Ming Dynasty the population had reduced rapidly due to the plague. Empires had gained power, culture flourished, and oversea expansion. Not only China but also Europe. In the 15th century the Europeans, just like the Chinese, launched outward-bound maritime expeditions. The Chinese had strong belief of their culture, as well as the Europeans. The Chinese and European civilizations brought impact and change to the Islamic world. The one that lasted the longest and impressive of these new states was the Ottoman Empire because of the diverse people, and economic and cultural sophistication. Also brought a new political unity and sharp division to Islam. Population in civilizations flourished in MesoAmerica following Aztec Empire and Inca Empire. Through this people started a web connection where people shared ideas, knowledge, communication, influence, and exchange.
Tuesday, November 29, 2011
Thursday, November 17, 2011
CHAPTER 12
Reflection:
The "revolution of domestication" involved both plants and animals. People during this time could handle both at the same time bringing an economic foundation. People from different places had different/unique ways of taking care of there agriculture distinguishing them from other communities. Not all societies did women have a lot of priorities, however, in nomadic societies offered women a higher status and with a greater role. There were many societies during this period. One was pastoral societies. In this society the most important characteristics was mobility. People in this society traveled/ migrated a lot. These people will bring with them tents for to live in. People would depend on the foods/agriculture from their nearest neighbor. With nomadic pastoralists creating a large population was difficult and within this society people did not have much wealth to build an army or bureaucracies compared to other societies. The pastoral nomad interacted with their nearby neighbors involving agriculture, military, and culture issues. Through communication with other communities and trade has led societies to a food-producing revolution. Arabs, Berbers, Turks and Mongols part of the nomadic region created one of the largest and most influential empires. The most dramatic was the Arabs. These people developed a camel saddle that brought them the advantage to take control over the trade route. The mongols traveled a lot during this period and built a strong military. There military had the ability to move materials and human resources. The Mongols employed in high positions number of Muslims and several Europeans. During this era there were interactions with Persia and Russia with the Mongols. The Mongol empire grew rapidly and strong bringing impact to the economy global wide. Not only did people during this time traded culture, agriculture and military resources but also plagues/diseases. Many people have died and suffered form pandemics causing a decrease and little strength within the communities.
The "revolution of domestication" involved both plants and animals. People during this time could handle both at the same time bringing an economic foundation. People from different places had different/unique ways of taking care of there agriculture distinguishing them from other communities. Not all societies did women have a lot of priorities, however, in nomadic societies offered women a higher status and with a greater role. There were many societies during this period. One was pastoral societies. In this society the most important characteristics was mobility. People in this society traveled/ migrated a lot. These people will bring with them tents for to live in. People would depend on the foods/agriculture from their nearest neighbor. With nomadic pastoralists creating a large population was difficult and within this society people did not have much wealth to build an army or bureaucracies compared to other societies. The pastoral nomad interacted with their nearby neighbors involving agriculture, military, and culture issues. Through communication with other communities and trade has led societies to a food-producing revolution. Arabs, Berbers, Turks and Mongols part of the nomadic region created one of the largest and most influential empires. The most dramatic was the Arabs. These people developed a camel saddle that brought them the advantage to take control over the trade route. The mongols traveled a lot during this period and built a strong military. There military had the ability to move materials and human resources. The Mongols employed in high positions number of Muslims and several Europeans. During this era there were interactions with Persia and Russia with the Mongols. The Mongol empire grew rapidly and strong bringing impact to the economy global wide. Not only did people during this time traded culture, agriculture and military resources but also plagues/diseases. Many people have died and suffered form pandemics causing a decrease and little strength within the communities.
Sunday, November 13, 2011
CHAPTER 1
Reflection:
Europe was the global center of Christianity meaning that several people who were Christians lived in this country. People during this time viewed this a continuation of the Roman Empire. During this time the Byzantines viewed themselves as "Romans". Byzantine took over the Roman Empire. Political structure was strong and firm. It was centralized in Constantinople. People during this era wore only certain clothes and shoes. In this time period religion had a big impact on society. For example, orthodox cChristianity influenced many people in Byzantine. The popes during this era were supporters of icon veneration. The Byzantine empire interacted with other countries/empires. Bringing influence on new traditions/religions to other people bringing diversity. The Byzantine empire was the central player in trade around Eurasia. The people here traded several diverse materials that were highly costed during the time. Through interactions by people with people everyone new and learned about different traditions/cultures and religions. One must think that these strong empires lasted forever, but actually did not last entirely many had fallen and became part of history. These fallen empires could have brought benefits to some countries/empires, but it also affected other empires/countries. Example, one empire brought/introduced new ideas to other empires and these empires started to gain more and more but as soon as the empire falls down the other empires that gained benefits starts to lack material and ideas. within countries agriculture grew and grew which became one of the big things to trade with other countries. slowly people/countries started to became firm and strong. the population within countries grew rapidly. During this time many were impacted and influenced by Roman empire but some countries were not such as China, Islamic world, and many more. Not only was ideas, materials, agriculture traded with one another but also language and certain texts.
Europe was the global center of Christianity meaning that several people who were Christians lived in this country. People during this time viewed this a continuation of the Roman Empire. During this time the Byzantines viewed themselves as "Romans". Byzantine took over the Roman Empire. Political structure was strong and firm. It was centralized in Constantinople. People during this era wore only certain clothes and shoes. In this time period religion had a big impact on society. For example, orthodox cChristianity influenced many people in Byzantine. The popes during this era were supporters of icon veneration. The Byzantine empire interacted with other countries/empires. Bringing influence on new traditions/religions to other people bringing diversity. The Byzantine empire was the central player in trade around Eurasia. The people here traded several diverse materials that were highly costed during the time. Through interactions by people with people everyone new and learned about different traditions/cultures and religions. One must think that these strong empires lasted forever, but actually did not last entirely many had fallen and became part of history. These fallen empires could have brought benefits to some countries/empires, but it also affected other empires/countries. Example, one empire brought/introduced new ideas to other empires and these empires started to gain more and more but as soon as the empire falls down the other empires that gained benefits starts to lack material and ideas. within countries agriculture grew and grew which became one of the big things to trade with other countries. slowly people/countries started to became firm and strong. the population within countries grew rapidly. During this time many were impacted and influenced by Roman empire but some countries were not such as China, Islamic world, and many more. Not only was ideas, materials, agriculture traded with one another but also language and certain texts.
Thursday, November 10, 2011
CHAPTER 9
Reflection:
China regained there unity under the Sui Dynasty. This era was called the Golden Age because the arts and literature. During this era the Tang and Song dynasty built a state structure that lasted for many years. During this time the education and examination grew rapidly. The Song dynasty was an economic revolution because it under lied political and cultural achievements. Rapid growth of population led people to find their way to cities making China most urbanized country in the world. Through using the routes people/merchants traded for food and other materials which made an immense network. Within in China the women and men were separated in every domain of life. Within the Chinese culture people expressed tightening patriarchy through foot binding. This portrayed female beauty. Within the Chinese economy men started to work in factories doing skilled tasks such as weaving, sewing and many more that women had usually done. In the north the Chinese interacted with foreigners. The Chinese were fully articulated by the time of the Han Dynasty. The Chinese represented a civilization leading the Chinese having a large and powerful nomadic empires. Then came the nomadic that ruled some parts of China. The nomadic adopted and took advantage of the Chinese cultures. The Chinese interacted with other Asian countries. China overruled/took over Korea. Within the Korea, the Silla Kingdom united with the Tang dynasty in China. Not only was Korea involved but also Vietnam with China, and Japan with China. Chinese economy grew and started to impact not only Asia but also Eurasia. China and India had interactions with each other that brought a lot of change and impact. One was religion. India had Buddhism which then China had brought it to their culture.
China regained there unity under the Sui Dynasty. This era was called the Golden Age because the arts and literature. During this era the Tang and Song dynasty built a state structure that lasted for many years. During this time the education and examination grew rapidly. The Song dynasty was an economic revolution because it under lied political and cultural achievements. Rapid growth of population led people to find their way to cities making China most urbanized country in the world. Through using the routes people/merchants traded for food and other materials which made an immense network. Within in China the women and men were separated in every domain of life. Within the Chinese culture people expressed tightening patriarchy through foot binding. This portrayed female beauty. Within the Chinese economy men started to work in factories doing skilled tasks such as weaving, sewing and many more that women had usually done. In the north the Chinese interacted with foreigners. The Chinese were fully articulated by the time of the Han Dynasty. The Chinese represented a civilization leading the Chinese having a large and powerful nomadic empires. Then came the nomadic that ruled some parts of China. The nomadic adopted and took advantage of the Chinese cultures. The Chinese interacted with other Asian countries. China overruled/took over Korea. Within the Korea, the Silla Kingdom united with the Tang dynasty in China. Not only was Korea involved but also Vietnam with China, and Japan with China. Chinese economy grew and started to impact not only Asia but also Eurasia. China and India had interactions with each other that brought a lot of change and impact. One was religion. India had Buddhism which then China had brought it to their culture.
Tuesday, November 8, 2011
Polynesia/ CHAPTER 6
Reflection:
Throughout Indonesia the boats represented simple dugout canoes. Chapter 6 goes into talking about how the Vikings settled in southern Scandinavia. In this location there were Germanic people were they all shared a common language called Norse. There varieties of culture, religion and many more within this civilization. During the winters people had trouble relying on the crops, so the people had to hunt instead in order to survive. People that lived in the north sea relied on ships for trade and also communication.
In Denmark, the people built boats that were called "longboats". During this time religion was a big issue. Christians deemed Viking raids punishment because they believed that it was attributing it to Gods' doing. During this era there were migrations in order for people to explore opportunities. Within the Viking homeland people nourished trade. Which led some cities to be wealthy. During this period, within the Polynesia community people at that time could not read or write, so people could not write/ record history until the Europeans reached the Pacific around 16th century. People within this period left evidence such as photos of canoes and many sources and texts that scholars had once used to reconstruct lost world of Vikings and Polynesians.
Throughout Indonesia the boats represented simple dugout canoes. Chapter 6 goes into talking about how the Vikings settled in southern Scandinavia. In this location there were Germanic people were they all shared a common language called Norse. There varieties of culture, religion and many more within this civilization. During the winters people had trouble relying on the crops, so the people had to hunt instead in order to survive. People that lived in the north sea relied on ships for trade and also communication.
In Denmark, the people built boats that were called "longboats". During this time religion was a big issue. Christians deemed Viking raids punishment because they believed that it was attributing it to Gods' doing. During this era there were migrations in order for people to explore opportunities. Within the Viking homeland people nourished trade. Which led some cities to be wealthy. During this period, within the Polynesia community people at that time could not read or write, so people could not write/ record history until the Europeans reached the Pacific around 16th century. People within this period left evidence such as photos of canoes and many sources and texts that scholars had once used to reconstruct lost world of Vikings and Polynesians.
Sunday, November 6, 2011
Chapter 8 commerce and culture
Reflection:
The landless in Eurasia was majority of humankind. There were a lot of agriculture and had the largest civilization. During this time silk roads started to lay in both geography and history. Many goods made there way through silk roads. It was silk that symbolized Eurasian exchange system. Trade was very important to the people in Eurasia. People learned new things and brought diversity to their culture. In particular Buddhism was the cultural product of Indian civilization which then later spread throughout the world. Not only did religion and goods were spreading but also diseases. These diseases trveled throughout countries and brought a lot of impact, killing many people causing a decrease in population. Diseases, however, gave people an idea to find a way to treat these people. This led to medicine and different cures. People started to gain knowledge which allowed people to survive. During this time there were many exchanges going on. People did trade across the indian ocean. Sea roads were a catalyst for change this incised southeast Asia, srivijaya, east Africa, and Swahili civilization. There were also sand roads for exchange across the sahara. A lot of trade happened within civilizations bringing in new knowledge. Trade alllowed country to communicate with one another. This all leads to a modern world.
The landless in Eurasia was majority of humankind. There were a lot of agriculture and had the largest civilization. During this time silk roads started to lay in both geography and history. Many goods made there way through silk roads. It was silk that symbolized Eurasian exchange system. Trade was very important to the people in Eurasia. People learned new things and brought diversity to their culture. In particular Buddhism was the cultural product of Indian civilization which then later spread throughout the world. Not only did religion and goods were spreading but also diseases. These diseases trveled throughout countries and brought a lot of impact, killing many people causing a decrease in population. Diseases, however, gave people an idea to find a way to treat these people. This led to medicine and different cures. People started to gain knowledge which allowed people to survive. During this time there were many exchanges going on. People did trade across the indian ocean. Sea roads were a catalyst for change this incised southeast Asia, srivijaya, east Africa, and Swahili civilization. There were also sand roads for exchange across the sahara. A lot of trade happened within civilizations bringing in new knowledge. Trade alllowed country to communicate with one another. This all leads to a modern world.
Thursday, November 3, 2011
Chapter 7 classical era variations
Reflection:
This chapter goes into Africa and the Americas. It refers to the reader that Africa is a continental landless. Africa have separate societies, cultures, and civilizations. During the classical era african civilization such as Egypt and Nubia, changed over time. The chapter goes onto the Nile valley civilization where people there fought against Egypt. During this Meroe and Nubia represented the continuation of African civilization. In some parts of Africa it's economic foundation was highly productive wiu agriculture. In west Africa there was emerge of urbanization. The Niger urban centers were not apart of a large imperial system. In parts of Africa there was a hierarchal organization. Africa showed a development during the classical era by revealing a movement of bantu-speaking people. These people interacted with others which brought cross cultural encounters. These Bantu-speaking people had various advantages. Such as agriculture which generated a more productive economy. This led people to live in smaller area. There were much gather-hunterers in Africa. These people brought distinct societies and cultures. There was much diversity.
In the Americas there were a group of people that were a major classical civilization of mesoamerica, these were the mayas. The Maya civilization flourished throughout the years. The Maya had scholars, agricultures, certain specialists, and many more that brought the mayas a civilization brought impact. Another civilization in the Americas is the Andes. In he Andes there were several cultures. There were pan-Andean religious movement and moche, a elregional Andean civilization. This is where there were an immense wealth of warrior-priest elite and artistry of craftsmen. In this civilizations there was a cultural achievement. The most prominent was mesoamerican and Andean regions. Within the Americas there were a lot of change which led to a huge landless and varieties of cultures.
This chapter goes into Africa and the Americas. It refers to the reader that Africa is a continental landless. Africa have separate societies, cultures, and civilizations. During the classical era african civilization such as Egypt and Nubia, changed over time. The chapter goes onto the Nile valley civilization where people there fought against Egypt. During this Meroe and Nubia represented the continuation of African civilization. In some parts of Africa it's economic foundation was highly productive wiu agriculture. In west Africa there was emerge of urbanization. The Niger urban centers were not apart of a large imperial system. In parts of Africa there was a hierarchal organization. Africa showed a development during the classical era by revealing a movement of bantu-speaking people. These people interacted with others which brought cross cultural encounters. These Bantu-speaking people had various advantages. Such as agriculture which generated a more productive economy. This led people to live in smaller area. There were much gather-hunterers in Africa. These people brought distinct societies and cultures. There was much diversity.
In the Americas there were a group of people that were a major classical civilization of mesoamerica, these were the mayas. The Maya civilization flourished throughout the years. The Maya had scholars, agricultures, certain specialists, and many more that brought the mayas a civilization brought impact. Another civilization in the Americas is the Andes. In he Andes there were several cultures. There were pan-Andean religious movement and moche, a elregional Andean civilization. This is where there were an immense wealth of warrior-priest elite and artistry of craftsmen. In this civilizations there was a cultural achievement. The most prominent was mesoamerican and Andean regions. Within the Americas there were a lot of change which led to a huge landless and varieties of cultures.
Monday, October 31, 2011
EXTRTA CREDIT: NOTES FROM CHAPTER 5&6
Classical Era:
Seminal Ideas
BIG 5(+1)
1. Confucius: born in China
Classical Era (~500 B.C. teach)
-collections of sayings > Analects
-did he write this book? NO
-his followers wrote these
-emphasis (on what he wrote): social harmony all owe piety to each other
EX: father and son all have their own roles
-notion of heaven idea that people have authority to hold (mandate of heaven)
-false: not a system of religion
-people still apply it today
-social stability (Confucius trying to make harmonious)
2. Siddhartha Gautama (Buddha)
-he was born poor? NO, he was a prince but ha wanted to be different and wanted to go to a different path.
-~500B.C. teach
-he was born in India
-religion (Hindu roots
-still not practiced in India where widely practiced? China/Asia
-main goal of Buddhism: reach enlightenment
-anyone can achieve enlightenment
-How different than Hindu? has caste systems/ not all people same
-in Buddhism: you could be reincarnated -> anyone can be enlightenment within life time
-social change
3. Hindu
-caste system (social hierarchy)
-social levels
untouchables
peasants
merchants
artisans
warriors
priests
within this system way people are reincarnated is that people are / can only move one caste/level per life
-social stability (is it still practiced? yes)
-no individual
-it is a religion
-goal -> enlightenment one step @ a time
-Upanishads, rhamina, bubugata gita
4. Socrates
-born in Greece
-did not write a book
-not religion, but a system of philosophy (system of rational inquiry) asking question
-no own work, his students (Plato)
-still practiced today
-Socratic thought (social change/ new thoughts, values & encourages/ questioning/ everyone has knowledge-Socratic thinking -system of thought considered a threat to society)
-Socrates (100yr old period during which Classical Greece had golden, flourishing thoughts-which became humanist)
-rational thought...is there ultimate reality? to things we see on Earth EX: chair-form that we consider to be a chair
-Plato had this idea-philosopher (political leader should serve as a term)
-democracy inherently flawed
5. Jesus
-Romans (Roman republic/ empire)
-republic: anti-monarchical (tired of ruled by kings)/ continued and took ideas came from Greece
-democratic/political union/ growth too much
-300B.C. -450A.D
-empire: emperor (one @ top)
-developed a system of religion
-he didn't write
-social change
-why ideas scary? potentially a political threat/ Christ distracted people
Seminal Ideas
BIG 5(+1)
1. Confucius: born in China
Classical Era (~500 B.C. teach)
-collections of sayings > Analects
-did he write this book? NO
-his followers wrote these
-emphasis (on what he wrote): social harmony all owe piety to each other
EX: father and son all have their own roles
-notion of heaven idea that people have authority to hold (mandate of heaven)
-false: not a system of religion
-people still apply it today
-social stability (Confucius trying to make harmonious)
2. Siddhartha Gautama (Buddha)
-he was born poor? NO, he was a prince but ha wanted to be different and wanted to go to a different path.
-~500B.C. teach
-he was born in India
-religion (Hindu roots
-still not practiced in India where widely practiced? China/Asia
-main goal of Buddhism: reach enlightenment
-anyone can achieve enlightenment
-How different than Hindu? has caste systems/ not all people same
-in Buddhism: you could be reincarnated -> anyone can be enlightenment within life time
-social change
3. Hindu
-caste system (social hierarchy)
-social levels
untouchables
peasants
merchants
artisans
warriors
priests
within this system way people are reincarnated is that people are / can only move one caste/level per life
-social stability (is it still practiced? yes)
-no individual
-it is a religion
-goal -> enlightenment one step @ a time
-Upanishads, rhamina, bubugata gita
4. Socrates
-born in Greece
-did not write a book
-not religion, but a system of philosophy (system of rational inquiry) asking question
-no own work, his students (Plato)
-still practiced today
-Socratic thought (social change/ new thoughts, values & encourages/ questioning/ everyone has knowledge-Socratic thinking -system of thought considered a threat to society)
-Socrates (100yr old period during which Classical Greece had golden, flourishing thoughts-which became humanist)
-rational thought...is there ultimate reality? to things we see on Earth EX: chair-form that we consider to be a chair
-Plato had this idea-philosopher (political leader should serve as a term)
-democracy inherently flawed
5. Jesus
-Romans (Roman republic/ empire)
-republic: anti-monarchical (tired of ruled by kings)/ continued and took ideas came from Greece
-democratic/political union/ growth too much
-300B.C. -450A.D
-empire: emperor (one @ top)
-developed a system of religion
-he didn't write
-social change
-why ideas scary? potentially a political threat/ Christ distracted people
Sunday, October 30, 2011
CHAPTER 11: The Worlds of Islam
Reflection:
Several religions and cultural traditions have emerged throughout the world. Some were/are Confucianism and Daoism from China, Hinduism and Buddhism from India and many more.
Tradition and religion evolved and developed throughout years. In Arabia there were many transformations in the society. These transformations affected other countries. In Arab the leader was Muhammad. He was a great leader who brought a lot of change and also brought effect in the society.
For people who wanted to become a Muslim had to go through a profound spiritual or psychological transformation. Islam was/is the beginning of a powerful state unlike Buddhism or Christianity. The Muslim community enlarged the Islamic umma. However, there were several consequences without the presence of Muhammad. Among the Muslims there were first four caliphs as the Rightly Guided Caliphs selected by Muslim elders of Medina.
Within in the Muslim community the men had the authority over women. This was because Allah had made one superior over the other.
The spread of Islam was because of the creation of an Arab Empire. This brought a lot of impact and change. During this time there were many wars and invasion that brought power within each country. Tradition, religion, power within government/society, and many more changed/developed which brought networks within each country, so that people from other countries could communicate and exchange ideas and many more.
Several religions and cultural traditions have emerged throughout the world. Some were/are Confucianism and Daoism from China, Hinduism and Buddhism from India and many more.
Tradition and religion evolved and developed throughout years. In Arabia there were many transformations in the society. These transformations affected other countries. In Arab the leader was Muhammad. He was a great leader who brought a lot of change and also brought effect in the society.
For people who wanted to become a Muslim had to go through a profound spiritual or psychological transformation. Islam was/is the beginning of a powerful state unlike Buddhism or Christianity. The Muslim community enlarged the Islamic umma. However, there were several consequences without the presence of Muhammad. Among the Muslims there were first four caliphs as the Rightly Guided Caliphs selected by Muslim elders of Medina.
Within in the Muslim community the men had the authority over women. This was because Allah had made one superior over the other.
The spread of Islam was because of the creation of an Arab Empire. This brought a lot of impact and change. During this time there were many wars and invasion that brought power within each country. Tradition, religion, power within government/society, and many more changed/developed which brought networks within each country, so that people from other countries could communicate and exchange ideas and many more.
Tuesday, October 25, 2011
Chapter 5 Eurasian cultural traditions
The Chinese culture gave rise to Confucianism and Daoism. Confucious did not deny reality of gods and spirits. Historians had found/traced back and saw that the Chinese had a tradition of state building. In china there were legalistic philosophers. Legalistic had a pessimistic view of human nature. Chinese culture had many artisans, merchants, scholars and other classes. To the Chinese their family life was the center of Chinese popular culture. The indian culture had a different civilization than the Chinese. Indian culture embraced the divine. The Indian religion differed from other world religions. Hinduism was indians religion. This religion was never a single tradition and the meaning was derived from outsiders. In south Asian there were varieties of religion from ritual sacrafice to philosophical speculation. Some were known as Vedas which were collections of poems and hymns. This shows us that religion and tradition was very important to the Asian civilizations. In Asian culture many worshipped buddhists. Then came to the point where civilizations started to compare buddhisms and christianity. This led to a diversity within the world.
Monday, October 24, 2011
CHAPTER 6 : Eurasian Social Hierarchies
Reflection:
Buddhist had different teachings compared to others. Their teachings was the concept of "impermanence" notion that "everything changes; nothing remains without change". This means that in life there needs to be change. There are some people that do not believe or agree with this statement and what Buddhists follow.
The Chinese civilization was very unique during the ancient world. Within the Chinese civilization there were many peasants. Some had many lands or owned a market that will support their families. The Chinese civilization had state taxes for the citizens to pay. The citizens had a lot of labor to do. In the China there were many merchants as well. Citizens did many trade with other merchants which created business connections. Not only China, but India also had the similar system.
India had a caste system which means "race or purity of blood. In the Indian civilization there were jatis that blended with the varna system giving it a more caste based society. The jatis were the main part of Indian society. This system was different from that of China.
China, India, and Rome had many slaves within their culture. Slavery emerged throughout the world. Which created a hierarchy/ class level.
Buddhist had different teachings compared to others. Their teachings was the concept of "impermanence" notion that "everything changes; nothing remains without change". This means that in life there needs to be change. There are some people that do not believe or agree with this statement and what Buddhists follow.
The Chinese civilization was very unique during the ancient world. Within the Chinese civilization there were many peasants. Some had many lands or owned a market that will support their families. The Chinese civilization had state taxes for the citizens to pay. The citizens had a lot of labor to do. In the China there were many merchants as well. Citizens did many trade with other merchants which created business connections. Not only China, but India also had the similar system.
India had a caste system which means "race or purity of blood. In the Indian civilization there were jatis that blended with the varna system giving it a more caste based society. The jatis were the main part of Indian society. This system was different from that of China.
China, India, and Rome had many slaves within their culture. Slavery emerged throughout the world. Which created a hierarchy/ class level.
Thursday, October 13, 2011
THE SUPERIOR MAN
Some things that we can learn from:
The master said, "the object of the superior man is truth, not food...The superior man is anxious lest he should not get truth; he is not anxious lest poverty should come upon him."
This is telling us that if one is "anxious" then one can not get "truth".
"anxious" here means one should not rush or just doing things without thinking ahead and taking time.
"truth" means here is not truth or lie, but if one rush things without thinking they might stumble and fall. This will lead one to a pitfall and one can not receive what they want or need.
The master is trying to point out to the reader to think ahead and take time, then one will not fall or stumble and can receive what they want. If one follows this it can show great leadership in a person.
The master said, "The mind of the superior man is conservant with virtue; the mind of the base man is conversant with gain."
The master is telling us that one who is wise has wisdom and knowledge, but one who is not as wise just wants more and more (greed) which leads to a downfall.
If one is a man with wisdom and knowledge can be a great leader, but one who does not show virtue can not be a good leader because one can think of just themselves or lead people to the wrong path.
The master said, "What the superior man seeks, is in himself. What the mean man seeks, is in others."
The master is trying to point out that a superior man (wise) looks back at himself and thinks of the good and bad things he has done and repents of it. On the other hand, the mean man does not look at himself, he looks at others and judges.
A superior man shows great leadership because all the flaws and wrongs he has done, he learns from them and tries to fix his mistakes. This person can lead the people to the right path.
The master said, "the object of the superior man is truth, not food...The superior man is anxious lest he should not get truth; he is not anxious lest poverty should come upon him."
This is telling us that if one is "anxious" then one can not get "truth".
"anxious" here means one should not rush or just doing things without thinking ahead and taking time.
"truth" means here is not truth or lie, but if one rush things without thinking they might stumble and fall. This will lead one to a pitfall and one can not receive what they want or need.
The master is trying to point out to the reader to think ahead and take time, then one will not fall or stumble and can receive what they want. If one follows this it can show great leadership in a person.
The master said, "The mind of the superior man is conservant with virtue; the mind of the base man is conversant with gain."
The master is telling us that one who is wise has wisdom and knowledge, but one who is not as wise just wants more and more (greed) which leads to a downfall.
If one is a man with wisdom and knowledge can be a great leader, but one who does not show virtue can not be a good leader because one can think of just themselves or lead people to the wrong path.
The master said, "What the superior man seeks, is in himself. What the mean man seeks, is in others."
The master is trying to point out that a superior man (wise) looks back at himself and thinks of the good and bad things he has done and repents of it. On the other hand, the mean man does not look at himself, he looks at others and judges.
A superior man shows great leadership because all the flaws and wrongs he has done, he learns from them and tries to fix his mistakes. This person can lead the people to the right path.
Tuesday, October 4, 2011
WW INTRODUCTION TO PART 2, CHAPTER 4
introduction to part 2
REFLECTION:
Civilization grew throughout the years from agriculture to the industrial revolution.
During these years society expanded and then collapsed. This cycle went on and on throughout history. Compared to the other eras, Paleolithic era, population/ society did not grow rapidly as it used to. In this introduction it shows how human journey was very important during the time. As society started to increase more varieties of cultures came into life and from then on political diversity showed diversity. This introduction is important because it shows to the people that this is how people started to do trading and sharing new ideas and technology to other countries.
CHAPTER 4
REFLECTION:
Chapter 4 talks about Eurasia sees second wave civilization in the Mediterranean world. The chapter goes onto talking about empires and which countries had the largest and how it gave impact. This leads onto how a social hierarchy formed and from there how each of the countries developed. The chapter explains how settlers back then brought new ideas, technology, language, culture and many more to the Greeks. As countries became developed, a citizenship started to form. This is where free people are running the affairs of the state. However, during that time only the high upper classes in Greece had the right of citizenship. The chapter then slowly goes into the collision between the Greeks and the Persians. In this chapter it talks about how people back then did much more expeditions than now. People wanted to learn and know more, so that there countries/cities would be developed and powerful. This shows how humans, in the present, have enough knowledge to learn, thanks to the people back in time. Every country was busy in increasing and expanding there land and society, so that there country would not be lower than other countries out there. This led to the rise of empires and more power. Since every country wanted power, this led to controversies , wars, and slavery. Every country battled and fought with each other, so that they could have more. This caused other weak, small countries to collapse because of the greed other big, strong countries had.
REFLECTION:
Civilization grew throughout the years from agriculture to the industrial revolution.
During these years society expanded and then collapsed. This cycle went on and on throughout history. Compared to the other eras, Paleolithic era, population/ society did not grow rapidly as it used to. In this introduction it shows how human journey was very important during the time. As society started to increase more varieties of cultures came into life and from then on political diversity showed diversity. This introduction is important because it shows to the people that this is how people started to do trading and sharing new ideas and technology to other countries.
CHAPTER 4
REFLECTION:
Chapter 4 talks about Eurasia sees second wave civilization in the Mediterranean world. The chapter goes onto talking about empires and which countries had the largest and how it gave impact. This leads onto how a social hierarchy formed and from there how each of the countries developed. The chapter explains how settlers back then brought new ideas, technology, language, culture and many more to the Greeks. As countries became developed, a citizenship started to form. This is where free people are running the affairs of the state. However, during that time only the high upper classes in Greece had the right of citizenship. The chapter then slowly goes into the collision between the Greeks and the Persians. In this chapter it talks about how people back then did much more expeditions than now. People wanted to learn and know more, so that there countries/cities would be developed and powerful. This shows how humans, in the present, have enough knowledge to learn, thanks to the people back in time. Every country was busy in increasing and expanding there land and society, so that there country would not be lower than other countries out there. This led to the rise of empires and more power. Since every country wanted power, this led to controversies , wars, and slavery. Every country battled and fought with each other, so that they could have more. This caused other weak, small countries to collapse because of the greed other big, strong countries had.
Friday, September 23, 2011
WW CHAPTER 3
Reflection:
Civilization was being scattered all over the world and was bringing a big impact. During early Sumerian civilization gave a rise to written language. Not only Sumerian, but Norte Chico was also a distinctive in many different ways. Many historians are wondering how this all started. The one thing that historians are sure is that the roots in civilization during the Agricultural Revolution. Civilization was a form of higher society. Chapter 3 gives a way to think about how life developed and become more complex. War, slavery, disease, subordination of women, and many more incidents have played a role in building up civilization in more complex well developed society. This shows how humans started off from a small settlement from the Neolithic Era and now to a more advanced civilization. Now there are more advanced technologies, hunting methods, and writing/communication. Since writing has developed society now starts to develop laws that people can follow. As civilizations increase people from other cultures could exchange new ideas and materials to one another sharing and then leading to more advance/ developed society. Within the civilization, as society starts to increase, lands are being divided into cities and states. All these reasons give us the idea civilization was complex and getting more complex as years pass by.
Civilization was being scattered all over the world and was bringing a big impact. During early Sumerian civilization gave a rise to written language. Not only Sumerian, but Norte Chico was also a distinctive in many different ways. Many historians are wondering how this all started. The one thing that historians are sure is that the roots in civilization during the Agricultural Revolution. Civilization was a form of higher society. Chapter 3 gives a way to think about how life developed and become more complex. War, slavery, disease, subordination of women, and many more incidents have played a role in building up civilization in more complex well developed society. This shows how humans started off from a small settlement from the Neolithic Era and now to a more advanced civilization. Now there are more advanced technologies, hunting methods, and writing/communication. Since writing has developed society now starts to develop laws that people can follow. As civilizations increase people from other cultures could exchange new ideas and materials to one another sharing and then leading to more advance/ developed society. Within the civilization, as society starts to increase, lands are being divided into cities and states. All these reasons give us the idea civilization was complex and getting more complex as years pass by.
Monday, September 19, 2011
DGP CHAPTER 2 Writing and Power
Reflection:
Back in the early civilizations writing was a way people used to communicate with one another. Writing back then was not only writing with a pen and paper. Cave paintings, message sticks, wampum belts knotted cords, bean patterns and more were forms of ways to communicate with each other. As years passed by people made writing a little bit difficult by putting specific codes. Back then there were 2 ways of writing ideographic and phonetic. Ideographic was through the use of pictures and phonetic signs of roman alphabet. During these times people did not have paper like us, so people had to write these writings down on a papyrus, which is a type of paper that the Egyptians had made. Within different cultures there were different styles of writings that they used. These writings have then been important historical documents that people today keep as evidence. Historians take care of these documents very carefully so that no mistakes have been made when translating them or preserving them. Chapter two gives us a way to think about how people back then were very intelligent in the way how they communicated with one another. The chapter shows us how people started out by drawing and then slowly developing into phonetics. The chapter gives a broad view on how each different cultures had their own different ways of communicating. This leads us to how we are today, people who live in America and people who live in France do not speak and write the same. This gives reveals to us that since different cultures have different ways of writing, it shows that there are different levels of power. This means that people who are writing are probably in the upper class, so the more people are writing the more knowledge and power there is in a country.
Back in the early civilizations writing was a way people used to communicate with one another. Writing back then was not only writing with a pen and paper. Cave paintings, message sticks, wampum belts knotted cords, bean patterns and more were forms of ways to communicate with each other. As years passed by people made writing a little bit difficult by putting specific codes. Back then there were 2 ways of writing ideographic and phonetic. Ideographic was through the use of pictures and phonetic signs of roman alphabet. During these times people did not have paper like us, so people had to write these writings down on a papyrus, which is a type of paper that the Egyptians had made. Within different cultures there were different styles of writings that they used. These writings have then been important historical documents that people today keep as evidence. Historians take care of these documents very carefully so that no mistakes have been made when translating them or preserving them. Chapter two gives us a way to think about how people back then were very intelligent in the way how they communicated with one another. The chapter shows us how people started out by drawing and then slowly developing into phonetics. The chapter gives a broad view on how each different cultures had their own different ways of communicating. This leads us to how we are today, people who live in America and people who live in France do not speak and write the same. This gives reveals to us that since different cultures have different ways of writing, it shows that there are different levels of power. This means that people who are writing are probably in the upper class, so the more people are writing the more knowledge and power there is in a country.
Monday, September 12, 2011
WW CHAPTER 2
Reflection:
World history starts off with the beginning of where life might have began, then to water and technology, and now onto agriculture. Agriculture played an important role in the past and the present. Chapter 2 goes on to talk about when agriculture started within each countries (about the same time period). It goes on to compare agricultural within the different countries. Agriculture started after the Ice Age. The weather (climate change) was a big help to maintaining bigger mammals, which gave more advantages for humans to hunt for meat ("broad spectrum diet"). These changes made agriculture possible. mostly in Southwest Asia there were a variety of plant and bigger mammals compared to the other countries. The reasons could be the cold and dry weather. Different climate changes had a huge affect during the Agriculture Revolution. Historians believe that by looking at the size of the population/ settlement they can tell that whether or not at that time the weather was good or not and whether or not the agriculture was fully developed. Historians believe the globalization of agriculture was because of the gradual spread of agriculture and migration of agricultural peoples, so this went from Southwest Asia to Central Asia and North America. During this Agricultural Revolution there were increases of human society and more varieties of plant and animals. This led to the rise of a more bigger population and a better country for humans to live in. This caused a big difference between countries which caused competitiveness with each other. The bigger and better country was stronger and had more power. Agricultural Revolution caused a huge change in the evolution of life. If we (present) did not have agriculture, then society would have changed a lot. We would not have as many people,animals or plants. With lack of plants and animals will lead to lack of food and living would have been more difficult. The increase of animals helped humans not starve and not affect humans from the climate change.
World history starts off with the beginning of where life might have began, then to water and technology, and now onto agriculture. Agriculture played an important role in the past and the present. Chapter 2 goes on to talk about when agriculture started within each countries (about the same time period). It goes on to compare agricultural within the different countries. Agriculture started after the Ice Age. The weather (climate change) was a big help to maintaining bigger mammals, which gave more advantages for humans to hunt for meat ("broad spectrum diet"). These changes made agriculture possible. mostly in Southwest Asia there were a variety of plant and bigger mammals compared to the other countries. The reasons could be the cold and dry weather. Different climate changes had a huge affect during the Agriculture Revolution. Historians believe that by looking at the size of the population/ settlement they can tell that whether or not at that time the weather was good or not and whether or not the agriculture was fully developed. Historians believe the globalization of agriculture was because of the gradual spread of agriculture and migration of agricultural peoples, so this went from Southwest Asia to Central Asia and North America. During this Agricultural Revolution there were increases of human society and more varieties of plant and animals. This led to the rise of a more bigger population and a better country for humans to live in. This caused a big difference between countries which caused competitiveness with each other. The bigger and better country was stronger and had more power. Agricultural Revolution caused a huge change in the evolution of life. If we (present) did not have agriculture, then society would have changed a lot. We would not have as many people,animals or plants. With lack of plants and animals will lead to lack of food and living would have been more difficult. The increase of animals helped humans not starve and not affect humans from the climate change.
Wednesday, September 7, 2011
EXTRA CREDIT
NOTES FROM CLASS:
Prologue-
context simpler
agenda of the author( Western Civilization vs. World History)
-author constantly challenging previous values
method/approach( the 3 C's connection, challenge, comparison)
Part 1 Intro:
describe era of human experience
-balance of human experience (95%/5%)
-95% -> Paleolithic Era (prehistoric)
-liquid( water, wine and beer)
-5% -> historic but some people do not think its historic
couple 1,000-2,000 years ago history has changed through environment
EXAMPLE: spit on your cup and drink it!
Response: people do not want too WHY? because that is gross WHY? because now the spit is exposed and contaminated
are we still evolving? yes because of pace of life
author sees -> Paleolithic era
does he dislike or like?
author uses this word often -> gather-hunter
"gather" gives more emphasis/ a female emphasis (author puts females first before men)
gender -> more egalitarian or less?
more egalitarian ( we have some opportunities)
from 20th century
less egalitarian (maybe technology)- gives us possibilities
farming man's job
roles changed: men (external activities) and female (internal activities)
society change:
what roles did the ice play? from people movement.
-easier to walk across/migrate
-sea levels goes down
-more exposed land
what does this tells us about artifacts?
harder to find WHY? because they are deep beneath the water
people settled in Easter Island (part of South America)
would it make a difference that Polynesia arrived in America?
pacific islander associate w/ native culture visa versa
modern gather-hunter
2 groups:
-Chumas (Santa Barbara)
-the San (southern Africa)
-San Jo/'hoansi (clicking sound)
-2 specific egalitarian (human characteristics: ego and humility):
-no leader (communally decision making)
-marriage (no one has the upper hand)
-"insulting the meat" (human boastful)
(prominent role) arrow that kills who gets to decide how the meat gets cooked
lack of hierarchy and sense of social ability
chumas (a bit more settle)
more hierarchy
wealth (easier time because easy access to food)
had canoes (tomol) brought to them by Polynesians
discover island (need boat) because there were $
did not engage in warfare because they had wealth.
Prologue-
context simpler
agenda of the author( Western Civilization vs. World History)
-author constantly challenging previous values
method/approach( the 3 C's connection, challenge, comparison)
Part 1 Intro:
describe era of human experience
-balance of human experience (95%/5%)
-95% -> Paleolithic Era (prehistoric)
-liquid( water, wine and beer)
-5% -> historic but some people do not think its historic
couple 1,000-2,000 years ago history has changed through environment
EXAMPLE: spit on your cup and drink it!
Response: people do not want too WHY? because that is gross WHY? because now the spit is exposed and contaminated
are we still evolving? yes because of pace of life
author sees -> Paleolithic era
does he dislike or like?
author uses this word often -> gather-hunter
"gather" gives more emphasis/ a female emphasis (author puts females first before men)
gender -> more egalitarian or less?
more egalitarian ( we have some opportunities)
from 20th century
less egalitarian (maybe technology)- gives us possibilities
farming man's job
roles changed: men (external activities) and female (internal activities)
society change:
what roles did the ice play? from people movement.
-easier to walk across/migrate
-sea levels goes down
-more exposed land
what does this tells us about artifacts?
harder to find WHY? because they are deep beneath the water
people settled in Easter Island (part of South America)
would it make a difference that Polynesia arrived in America?
pacific islander associate w/ native culture visa versa
modern gather-hunter
2 groups:
-Chumas (Santa Barbara)
-the San (southern Africa)
-San Jo/'hoansi (clicking sound)
-2 specific egalitarian (human characteristics: ego and humility):
-no leader (communally decision making)
-marriage (no one has the upper hand)
-"insulting the meat" (human boastful)
(prominent role) arrow that kills who gets to decide how the meat gets cooked
lack of hierarchy and sense of social ability
chumas (a bit more settle)
more hierarchy
wealth (easier time because easy access to food)
had canoes (tomol) brought to them by Polynesians
discover island (need boat) because there were $
did not engage in warfare because they had wealth.
DGP Chapter 1 The Need for Water in Ancient Societies
Reflection
As years pass by civilizations start to develop. The cities in countries started to supply food using transportation and also farming. At that time people would store food in safe places for later time during the years when there is a lack of food. The civilization in the past was very different from the present because of the environmental change. These changes were different in every country. Rivers near the Persian gulf changed over time affecting food (water) and land. In Mesopotamia there were different types of irrigation because of the environmental changes (spring, fall and winter). This was not easy for the people back then because irrigation caused famine and lack of food. Every country had different methods to develop there civilization from other countries. In chapter one historians show evidence using pictures and writings of the past civilizations and how people lived during that time. During that time people did not have enough knowledge to make high tech tools to make living easier and also back then the environment changed dramatically and unpredictably for humans to know, so this shows us that people back then were very wise.
As years pass by civilizations start to develop. The cities in countries started to supply food using transportation and also farming. At that time people would store food in safe places for later time during the years when there is a lack of food. The civilization in the past was very different from the present because of the environmental change. These changes were different in every country. Rivers near the Persian gulf changed over time affecting food (water) and land. In Mesopotamia there were different types of irrigation because of the environmental changes (spring, fall and winter). This was not easy for the people back then because irrigation caused famine and lack of food. Every country had different methods to develop there civilization from other countries. In chapter one historians show evidence using pictures and writings of the past civilizations and how people lived during that time. During that time people did not have enough knowledge to make high tech tools to make living easier and also back then the environment changed dramatically and unpredictably for humans to know, so this shows us that people back then were very wise.
Friday, September 2, 2011
WW Prologue, Introduction, Chapter 1
WW Prologue
Reflection:
No one really knows how the universe was really created, how humans were created, or how the planet Earth really evolved. Scientists believe that everything started from the "big bang" and that humans evolved form apes. Religious people believe that God created the universe and mankind. In the prologue it shows an estimate of when the universe began/started to when mankind approached on Earth by putting it in a calender format. Also the prologue goes into the world history that before people were educated on nations and civilizations, but now history will be more global. Prologue gives key topics for us to think about which are comparison, connection, and change. These three topics are broad but gives us the idea that when studying world history one must compare people from different nations, such as culture or language; also one must connect with people from another country; and also one must change from the past whether it is economy or political views.
Introduction: "First Things First"
Reflection:
People really do not know when history started, so it is difficult for people to tell others where everything really began. This also applies to scientists or historians. In the introduction it explains to the reader that not anyone knows accurately, but people such as scholars, historians or scientists think that things started when there were changes to the planet. Historians think that humans evolved from apes and it started in Africa. As time goes by Homo sapiens (humans) start traveling on foot out of Africa and move towards other countries. This shows that humans have dispersed out more globally. In the past humans did not really know how to raise milk, meat, or eggs etc... but as humans started to develop more knowledge, humans realized how to eat animals and plants seeds. From there humans started to advance more into the culture from a certain country the humans were in.
Chapter 1
Reflection:
As human knowledge started to grow more ideas came to them such as, how to gather food(hunt); how to harvest the food; and many more. Humans started to adapt to the environment they lived in and from there started a new culture. In chapter one it talks about in more detail than it did in the introduction on migration. Historians believe that humans probably walked on foot since there were no boats or cars out of Africa to other countries such as the Middle East and towards Europe. Since the ice age historians believe that this caused humans to travel more north. The environment caused the humans to travel in certain directions which shows us how humans are globally dispersed. From there humans settle down and bring in a new and distinct society. Scholars or historians do not really know what religious ceremonies these humans did, but from certain evidences such as, rock art gives historians an idea that humans back then had some sort of rituals. This could be where some sort of religion may have started. As time goes by the population within each country grew, the environment changed, and people started to connect with one another. Within countries every culture was different from one another, environment as well, and lifestyle. Chapter one goes into comparing different paleolithic societies, the San and the Chumash. The book compares these two societies to see what lifestyles and culture each had and what differed from another. This world history of the beginning gives us the time to think about the past how the humans back then lived/ survived, also think in a different perspective that the world may have started out like this, and also that humans back then adapted to the environment and did not pollute rather than how we modern day humans have ruined the environment.
Reflection:
No one really knows how the universe was really created, how humans were created, or how the planet Earth really evolved. Scientists believe that everything started from the "big bang" and that humans evolved form apes. Religious people believe that God created the universe and mankind. In the prologue it shows an estimate of when the universe began/started to when mankind approached on Earth by putting it in a calender format. Also the prologue goes into the world history that before people were educated on nations and civilizations, but now history will be more global. Prologue gives key topics for us to think about which are comparison, connection, and change. These three topics are broad but gives us the idea that when studying world history one must compare people from different nations, such as culture or language; also one must connect with people from another country; and also one must change from the past whether it is economy or political views.
Introduction: "First Things First"
Reflection:
People really do not know when history started, so it is difficult for people to tell others where everything really began. This also applies to scientists or historians. In the introduction it explains to the reader that not anyone knows accurately, but people such as scholars, historians or scientists think that things started when there were changes to the planet. Historians think that humans evolved from apes and it started in Africa. As time goes by Homo sapiens (humans) start traveling on foot out of Africa and move towards other countries. This shows that humans have dispersed out more globally. In the past humans did not really know how to raise milk, meat, or eggs etc... but as humans started to develop more knowledge, humans realized how to eat animals and plants seeds. From there humans started to advance more into the culture from a certain country the humans were in.
Chapter 1
Reflection:
As human knowledge started to grow more ideas came to them such as, how to gather food(hunt); how to harvest the food; and many more. Humans started to adapt to the environment they lived in and from there started a new culture. In chapter one it talks about in more detail than it did in the introduction on migration. Historians believe that humans probably walked on foot since there were no boats or cars out of Africa to other countries such as the Middle East and towards Europe. Since the ice age historians believe that this caused humans to travel more north. The environment caused the humans to travel in certain directions which shows us how humans are globally dispersed. From there humans settle down and bring in a new and distinct society. Scholars or historians do not really know what religious ceremonies these humans did, but from certain evidences such as, rock art gives historians an idea that humans back then had some sort of rituals. This could be where some sort of religion may have started. As time goes by the population within each country grew, the environment changed, and people started to connect with one another. Within countries every culture was different from one another, environment as well, and lifestyle. Chapter one goes into comparing different paleolithic societies, the San and the Chumash. The book compares these two societies to see what lifestyles and culture each had and what differed from another. This world history of the beginning gives us the time to think about the past how the humans back then lived/ survived, also think in a different perspective that the world may have started out like this, and also that humans back then adapted to the environment and did not pollute rather than how we modern day humans have ruined the environment.
Wednesday, August 31, 2011
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